ABSTRACT
Abstract Physids belong to Class Gastropoda; Phylum Mollusca have important position in food web and act as bio indicators, pests and intermediate host. Being resistant these are called cockroaches of malacology. Physid snails were collected from different water bodies of Faisalabad (Punjab) and were identified up to species using morphological markers. The morphometry of the specimens was carried out with the help of a digital Vernier caliper in millimeters (mm) using linear measurement of shell characters. Linear regression analysis of the AL/SW ratio vs AL and SL/SW ratio vs AL indicated that allometric growth exists only in Physa acuta when compared with P.gyrina and P. fontinalis. This study will lead to assess the status of the Physid species in Central Punjab. The Principal component analysis shows that the Component 1 (Shell Length) and component 2 (Shell Width) are the most prolific components and nearly 80 percent of the identification. The distance between P. acuta and P. fontinalis is 5.4699, P. acuta and P. gyrina is 7.6411, P. fontinalis and P. gyrina is 16.6080 showing that P. acuta resembles with P. fontinalis, and both these specimens donot resemble with P. gyrina. P.acuta is an invasive species and shows bioactivity making it a potent candidate for bioactive substances.
Resumo Os físidos pertencem à classe Gastropoda; o filo Mollusca possui importante posição na teia alimentar e atua como bioindicador, praga e hospedeiro intermediário. Por serem resistentes, são chamadas baratas de malacologia. Os caramujos físidos foram coletados em diferentes corpos d'água de Faisalabad (Punjab) e identificados até as espécies por meio de marcadores morfológicos. A morfometria dos corpos de prova foi realizada com auxílio de paquímetro digital Vernier em milímetros (mm) por meio de medida linear dos caracteres da casca. A análise de regressão linear da razão AL / SW vs. AL e razão SL / SW vs. AL indicou que o crescimento alométrico existe apenas em Physa acuta quando comparado com P. gyrina e P. fontinalis. Este estudo levará a avaliar a situação das espécies de físido no Punjab Central. A análise do componente principal mostra que o componente 1 (comprimento da casca) e o componente 2 (largura da casca) são os componentes mais prolíficos e quase 80% da identificação. A distância entre P. acuta e P. fontinalis é 5,4699, P. acuta e P. gyrina é 7,6411, P. fontinalis e P. gyrina é 16,6080, mostrando que P. acuta se assemelha a P. fontinalis, e ambos os espécimes não se parecem com P. gyrina. P. acuta é uma espécie invasora e apresenta bioatividade, tornando-se uma candidata potente para substâncias bioativas.
Subject(s)
Animals , Snails , Introduced SpeciesABSTRACT
Abstract Physids belong to Class Gastropoda; belong to Phylum Mollusca and being bioindicators, intermediate hosts of parasites and pests hold a key position in the ecosystem. There are three species of Genus Physa i.e. P. fontinalis, Physa acuta and P. gyrina water bodies of Central Punjab and were characterized on the basis of molecular markers High level of genetic diversity was revealed by polymorphic RAPD, however SSR markers were not amplified. The multivariate analysis revealed polymorphism ranging from 9.09 percent to 50 percent among the three Physid species. Total number of 79 loci were observed for the three species under study and 24 loci were observed to be polymorphic. These RAPD fragment(s) can be developed into co dominant markers (SCAR) by cloning and can be further sequenced for the development of the Physa species specific markers to identify the introduced and native species in Pakistan.
Resumo Os físidos pertencem à classe Gastropoda; pertencem ao filo Mollusca e, sendo bioindicadores, hospedeiros intermediários de parasitas e pragas, ocupam uma posição-chave no ecossistema. Existem três espécies do gênero Physa, ou seja, P. fontinalis, Physa acuta e P. gyrina em corpos d'água do Punjab Central e foram caracterizadas com base em marcadores moleculares. Alto nível de diversidade genética foi revelado por RAPD polimórfico, no entanto os marcadores SSR não foram amplificados. A análise multivariada revelou polimorfismo variando de 9,09% a 50% entre as três espécies de Physid. Um número total de 79 loci foi observado para as três espécies em estudo e 24 loci foram observados como polimórficos. Esses fragmentos RAPD podem ser desenvolvidos em marcadores codominantes (SCAR) por clonagem e podem ser posteriormente sequenciados para o desenvolvimento de marcadores específicos da espécie Physa para identificar as espécies introduzidas e nativas no Paquistão.
Subject(s)
Animals , Gastropoda , Introduced Species , Pakistan , Phylogeny , Ecosystem , Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA TechniqueABSTRACT
Physids belong to Class Gastropoda; Phylum Mollusca have important position in food web and act as bio indicators, pests and intermediate host. Being resistant these are called cockroaches of malacology. Physid snails were collected from different water bodies of Faisalabad (Punjab) and were identified up to species using morphological markers. The morphometry of the specimens was carried out with the help of a digital Vernier caliper in millimeters (mm) using linear measurement of shell characters. Linear regression analysis of the AL/SW ratio vs AL and SL/SW ratiovs AL indicated that allometric growth exists only in Physa acuta when compared with P.gyrina and P. fontinalis. This study will lead to assess the status of the Physid species in Central Punjab. The Principal component analysis shows that the Component 1 (Shell Length) and component 2 (Shell Width) are the most prolific components and nearly 80 percent of the identification. The distance between P. acuta and P. fontinalis is 5.4699, P. acuta and P. gyrina is 7.6411, P. fontinalis and P. gyrina is 16.6080 showing that P. acuta resembles with P. fontinalis, and both these specimens donot resemble with P. gyrina. P.acuta is an invasive species and shows bioactivity making it a potent candidate for bioactive substances.
Os físidos pertencem à classe Gastropoda; o filo Mollusca possui importante posição na teia alimentar e atua como bioindicador, praga e hospedeiro intermediário. Por serem resistentes, são chamadas baratas de malacologia. Os caramujos físidos foram coletados em diferentes corpos dágua de Faisalabad (Punjab) e identificados até as espécies por meio de marcadores morfológicos. A morfometria dos corpos de prova foi realizada com auxílio de paquímetro digital Vernier em milímetros (mm) por meio de medida linear dos caracteres da casca. A análise de regressão linear da razão AL / SW vs. AL e razão SL / SW vs. AL indicou que o crescimento alométrico existe apenas em Physa acuta quando comparado com P. gyrina e P. fontinalis. Este estudo levará a avaliar a situação das espécies de físido no Punjab Central. A análise do componente principal mostra que o componente 1 (comprimento da casca) e o componente 2 (largura da casca) são os componentes mais prolíficos e quase 80% da identificação. A distância entre P. acuta e P. fontinalis é 5,4699, P. acuta e P. gyrina é 7,6411, P. fontinalis e P. gyrina é 16,6080, mostrando que P. acuta se assemelha a P. fontinalis, e ambos os espécimes não se parecem com P. gyrina. P. acuta é uma espécie invasora e apresenta bioatividade, tornando-se uma candidata potente para substâncias bioativas.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mollusca/anatomy & histology , Discriminant AnalysisABSTRACT
Physids belong to Class Gastropoda; belong to Phylum Mollusca and being bioindicators, intermediate hosts of parasites and pests hold a key position in the ecosystem. There are three species of Genus Physa i.e. P. fontinalis, Physa acuta and P. gyrina water bodies of Central Punjab and were characterized on the basis of molecular markers High level of genetic diversity was revealed by polymorphic RAPD, however SSR markers were not amplified. The multivariate analysis revealed polymorphism ranging from 9.09 percent to 50 percent among the three Physid species. Total number of 79 loci were observed for the three species under study and 24 loci were observed to be polymorphic. These RAPD fragment(s) can be developed into co dominant markers (SCAR) by cloning and can be further sequenced for the development of the Physa species specific markers to identify the introduced and native species in Pakistan.
Os físidos pertencem à classe Gastropoda; pertencem ao filo Mollusca e, sendo bioindicadores, hospedeiros intermediários de parasitas e pragas, ocupam uma posição-chave no ecossistema. Existem três espécies do gênero Physa, ou seja, P. fontinalis, Physa acuta e P. gyrina em corpos dágua do Punjab Central e foram caracterizadas com base em marcadores moleculares. Alto nível de diversidade genética foi revelado por RAPD polimórfico, no entanto os marcadores SSR não foram amplificados. A análise multivariada revelou polimorfismo variando de 9,09% a 50% entre as três espécies de Physid. Um número total de 79 loci foi observado para as três espécies em estudo e 24 loci foram observados como polimórficos. Esses fragmentos RAPD podem ser desenvolvidos em marcadores codominantes (SCAR) por clonagem e podem ser posteriormente sequenciados para o desenvolvimento de marcadores específicos da espécie Physa para identificar as espécies introduzidas e nativas no Paquistão.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mollusca/genetics , Genetic VariationABSTRACT
Abstract Physids belong to Class Gastropoda; Phylum Mollusca have important position in food web and act as bio indicators, pests and intermediate host. Being resistant these are called cockroaches of malacology. Physid snails were collected from different water bodies of Faisalabad (Punjab) and were identified up to species using morphological markers. The morphometry of the specimens was carried out with the help of a digital Vernier caliper in millimeters (mm) using linear measurement of shell characters. Linear regression analysis of the AL/SW ratio vs AL and SL/SW ratio vs AL indicated that allometric growth exists only in Physa acuta when compared with P.gyrina and P. fontinalis. This study will lead to assess the status of the Physid species in Central Punjab. The Principal component analysis shows that the Component 1 (Shell Length) and component 2 (Shell Width) are the most prolific components and nearly 80 percent of the identification. The distance between P. acuta and P. fontinalis is 5.4699, P. acuta and P. gyrina is 7.6411, P. fontinalis and P. gyrina is 16.6080 showing that P. acuta resembles with P. fontinalis, and both these specimens donot resemble with P. gyrina. P.acuta is an invasive species and shows bioactivity making it a potent candidate for bioactive substances.
Resumo Os físidos pertencem à classe Gastropoda; o filo Mollusca possui importante posição na teia alimentar e atua como bioindicador, praga e hospedeiro intermediário. Por serem resistentes, são chamadas baratas de malacologia. Os caramujos físidos foram coletados em diferentes corpos dágua de Faisalabad (Punjab) e identificados até as espécies por meio de marcadores morfológicos. A morfometria dos corpos de prova foi realizada com auxílio de paquímetro digital Vernier em milímetros (mm) por meio de medida linear dos caracteres da casca. A análise de regressão linear da razão AL / SW vs. AL e razão SL / SW vs. AL indicou que o crescimento alométrico existe apenas em Physa acuta quando comparado com P. gyrina e P. fontinalis. Este estudo levará a avaliar a situação das espécies de físido no Punjab Central. A análise do componente principal mostra que o componente 1 (comprimento da casca) e o componente 2 (largura da casca) são os componentes mais prolíficos e quase 80% da identificação. A distância entre P. acuta e P. fontinalis é 5,4699, P. acuta e P. gyrina é 7,6411, P. fontinalis e P. gyrina é 16,6080, mostrando que P. acuta se assemelha a P. fontinalis, e ambos os espécimes não se parecem com P. gyrina. P. acuta é uma espécie invasora e apresenta bioatividade, tornando-se uma candidata potente para substâncias bioativas.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Physids belong to Class Gastropoda; belong to Phylum Mollusca and being bioindicators, intermediate hosts of parasites and pests hold a key position in the ecosystem. There are three species of Genus Physa i.e. P. fontinalis, Physa acuta and P. gyrina water bodies of Central Punjab and were characterized on the basis of molecular markers High level of genetic diversity was revealed by polymorphic RAPD, however SSR markers were not amplified. The multivariate analysis revealed polymorphism ranging from 9.09 percent to 50 percent among the three Physid species. Total number of 79 loci were observed for the three species under study and 24 loci were observed to be polymorphic. These RAPD fragment(s) can be developed into co dominant markers (SCAR) by cloning and can be further sequenced for the development of the Physa species specific markers to identify the introduced and native species in Pakistan.
Resumo Os físidos pertencem à classe Gastropoda; pertencem ao filo Mollusca e, sendo bioindicadores, hospedeiros intermediários de parasitas e pragas, ocupam uma posição-chave no ecossistema. Existem três espécies do gênero Physa, ou seja, P. fontinalis, Physa acuta e P. gyrina em corpos dágua do Punjab Central e foram caracterizadas com base em marcadores moleculares. Alto nível de diversidade genética foi revelado por RAPD polimórfico, no entanto os marcadores SSR não foram amplificados. A análise multivariada revelou polimorfismo variando de 9,09% a 50% entre as três espécies de Physid. Um número total de 79 loci foi observado para as três espécies em estudo e 24 loci foram observados como polimórficos. Esses fragmentos RAPD podem ser desenvolvidos em marcadores codominantes (SCAR) por clonagem e podem ser posteriormente sequenciados para o desenvolvimento de marcadores específicos da espécie Physa para identificar as espécies introduzidas e nativas no Paquistão.
ABSTRACT
Aim: This study was conducted to discuss the mosquito fauna, breeding sites and its habitat during January 2017 to May 2018 at Salfit district (Northwestern West Bank). Study Design: A cross-sectional study Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in West Bank -Salfit District to collect mosquito larvae from January 2017 to May 2018. Results: Six species of the family Culicidae were collected belonging to four genera (Anopheles claviger, Aedes albopictus, Culex pipiens, Culex perexiguus, Culex laticinictus and Culiseta longiareolata) were recorded from Salfit District. Cu. longiareolata, Cx. laticinictus and Cx. pipiens were the most collected species. Anopheles claviger was reported for the first time from Salfit District. Limitations of the Study: The study discussed the fauna of mosquito breeding sites and larvae habitats at Salfit District during 2017-2018. Larval habitats were recognised visually and some of the other factors not tested (PH, temperature, turbidity of water and percentage of water pollution). Conclusion: The results show the occurrence of six species in the Salfit District during the study period (2017-2018). Three of them are known to be considered as a vector for viral diseases (e.g. West Nile virus). Further studies are needed to address the systematics, ecology, biology and habitat preference of these species.
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to assess the clinical features and to detect ophthalmic complications of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in a group of patients who were treated in the Jordanian field hospital in the Gaza strip. This was a prospective hospital-based study conducted on patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis at the Jordanian Field hospital in the Gaza strip between 15 March and 23 May 2012. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis diagnosis was made clinically. Ophthalmic examination included visual acuity using Snellen chart, eyelids, conjunctivae, anterior segment, dilated fundus to assess the retina and optic discs, and intra-ocular pressure measurement using slit lamp biomicroscopy. During the study period 1,753 patients attended the eye clinic, 123 [7%] of them were vernal keratoconjunctivitis sufferers. Out of the 123 patients 72 [58.5%] were males and 51[41.5%] were females with a male to female ratio of 1.4: 1. Their age ranged between four and 20 years with an average of 9.9 years. Moderate and severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis were seen in 55 [44.7%] patients. Of the moderate and severe forms mixed vernal keratoconjunctivitis was the commonest type seen in 25/55 [44.5%] patients, followed by limbal and palpebral, 20/55 [36.4%] and 10/55 [18.2%] patients, respectively. Severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis was seen in 31 [25.2%] patients: 16 [13%] patients of mixed type, 9 [7.3%] of limbal type, and 6 [4.9%] of palpebral type. One patient had Horner-Trantas dots that involve limbal and bulbar conjunctiva. Young age presentation and male predominance agree with that reported in literature but the male to female ratio was less. The commonest type was mixed followed by limbal and palpebral and this is different from that found in previous studies. Blepharoptosis and conjunctival inclusion cysts were seen more frequently. More representative sample over longer duration with collaboration of other local hospitals is needed to determine the true incidence, clinical features, complications, and seasonal variations of vernal keratoconjunctivitis in the Gaza strip
ABSTRACT
To explore the prognostic value of baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] in Saudi patients presenting with ST elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI], and its impact on hospital therapies. The STEMI patients with a baseline serum Creatinine enrolled in the SPACE [Saudi Project for Assessment of Coronary Events] registry were analyzed. This study was performed in several regions in Saudi Arabia between December 2005 to December 2007. Based on eGFR levels, patients were classified into: more than 90.1 ml/min [normal renal function], 90-60.1 [borderline/mildly impaired renal function], 60-30 [moderate renal dysfunction], and less than 30 ml/ min/1.73 m[2] [severe renal dysfunction]. Two thousand and fifty eight patients qualified for this study. Of these, 1058 patients had renal dysfunction. Patients with renal dysfunction were older, and had a higher prevalence of risk factors for atherosclerosis. Patients with moderate or severe renal dysfunction were less likely to be treated with beta blockers, angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors, statins, or reperfusion therapies. Significantly worse outcomes were seen with lower eGFR in a stepwise fashion. The adjusted odds ratio of in-hospital death in patients with eGFR less than 30ml/min was 5.3 [95% CI, 1.15-25.51,p=0.0383]. A low baseline eGFR in STEMI patients is an independent predictor of all major adverse cardiovascular outcomes, and a marker for less aggressive in-hospital therapy
ABSTRACT
Venous Thromboembolism [VTE] is potentially a life threatening complication in patients undergoing major neurosurgical procedures. There has been a general reluctance over the years to use anticoagulant prophylaxis for patients with head injury or in patients who need intracranial surgery. Intermittent Pneumatic Compression [IPC] and elastic stocking are widely used as prophylaxis against venous thrombo-embolism in these patients. The aim of the study is to assess and compare the value of VTE prophylaxis using a control group with Low dose Unfractionated Heparin [LDUH] every eight hours alone with a study group using Intermittent Pneumatic compression [IPC] and elastic stocking along with Single dose Unfractionated Heparin [SDUH] at the time of anaesthesia in induction on patients undergoing brain and spinal surgery. A prospective case-control study was conducted at Jordan University Hospital, over 15 months during the period 2005-2006. A total of 223 patients were included. In the study group, 113 patients using single dose of unfractionated heparin at the time of anaesthesia induction along with Intermittent Pneumatic Compression [IPC] intraoperatively and compression Elastic Stocking [ES] post operatively were used until full ambulation. In the control group, there were 110 patients in whom unfractionated heparin at a dose of 5000 units every 8 hours was used until full ambulation or for 7 days. All patients underwent either brain surgery or spinal surgery. The characteristics of the two groups were fully comparable except for the duration of surgery which was statistically longer in the study group [P= <0.001]. Deep Vein Thrombosis [DVT] occurred in 3 patients in the study group, compared to 6 patients in the control group, of these 6 patients, 4 patients developed PE in addition to DVT and one of the four patients expired. The observed differences among these rates are statistically not significant [P=0.288]. When pooled together, patients who developed VTE in both groups were older than those who did not have VTE. This difference was statistically significant [P=0.07]. The combination of elastic stocking, intermittent pneumatic compression along with single dose unfractionated heparin at the time of anaesthesia induction is comparable in effectiveness of reducing the incidence of VTE as the low dose unfractionated heparin alone in patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures of the brain or spine, despite the trend towards better results of the combined method
ABSTRACT
The association of hepatitis C virus [HCV] with the extrahepatic complications of cryoglobulinaemia is widely recognized. The aim of this research was to examine the prevalence of cryoglobulinaemia [Cg] in patients with chronic HCV infection and its relation to extrahepatic neuro-cutaneous manifestations. Forty patients [26 males and 14 females], with clinical, laboratory and histopathologically established chronic HCV, with a mean age of 37.5years were submitted to clinical examination with stress on stigmata of chronic liver disease, dermatological and neurological evaluation as well as neurophysiological evaluation, laboratory assessment including liver function tests, serum cryoprecipitate immunoelectrophoresis, and revision of histopathlogical findings. a high prevalence of Cg: 62.5% in patients with chronic HCV infection, the presenting symptoms were fatigue [67.5%], artheralgia [32.5%], parathesia [30%] and pruritus [25%], however, there were no statistically significant difference between cryo +ve versus Cryo -ve patients except for pruritis, face pigmentation. Skin manifestations inclding face pigmentation [42.5%], leukocytoclastic vosculitis [LCV] [22.5%], Porphyria cutanea tarda [PCT] [20%], Lichen planus [17.5%], acral necrolytic erythema [15%] and vitiligo [15%]. Neurological manifestations including symptomatic neuropathy in 10%, neuropathic changes detected by nerve conduction velocity [NCV] and electromyography [EMG] in 30% and electroencephalographic changes in 22.5%. Interestingly, these cutaneous and neurological manifestations were significantly associated with the presence of cryoglobulinaemia. Liver histopathology of the studied patients according to METAVIR score [Activity] A0-3 [Fibrosis] F0-4 showed no statistically significant difference between cryo positive versus cryo negative patients. conclusion findings confirmed a clear association between cryoglobulianemia and extrahepatic neurocutaneous manifestations of HCV infection. The presence of these manifestations in the appropriate clinical setting should suggest the presence of HCV infection
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cryoglobulinemia , Neurocutaneous Syndromes , Neurophysiology , Electromyography , Neural Conduction , Electroencephalography , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy [DMD] is one of the most common lethal X-linked recessive genetic muscle disorders. It is caused by various mutations in the dystrophin gene. Due to the lack of efficient rehabilitation and treatment, prenatal diagnosis and proper genetic counseling of families with DMD are of great importance. This study aimed to evaluate an Egyptian prenatal molecular experience considering the impact of molecular information, the availability of prenatal diagnosis, and the changing attitude and choices of the Egyptian families with DMD. The study characterized the deletion patterns in 85 Egyptian patients with DMD and 32 fetuses from 27 mothers with previous history of DMD deletion mutations. Multiplex PCR amplification of 18 exons covering the two hotspots within the dystrophin gene was pursued to detect deletions in the probands. Detection of deletions in the fetal DNA was performed by using the targeted multiplex containing the deleted exons. Forty-six out of eighty-five probands [55%] had deletion mutations. Twenty-four out of the forty-six [52%] probands had multiple exons deletion and twenty-two [48%] showed single exon deletion. Out of the thirty-two amniotic fetal samples, fourteen fetuses inherited the same deletions present in the index cases while eighteen were normal. An emerging awareness of genetic information was observed and an apparent higher number of mothers seeking prenatal diagnosis was noticed. A change of attitude in favor of choosing the decision of abortion was apparent. Molecular diagnosis is an important tool for preventive medicine. It has an obvious impact on prenatal diagnosis and accurate genetic counseling. It also seems to have an impact on the attitude and choices of families in particular and society in general
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Prenatal Diagnosis/genetics , Gene Deletion , Amniotic Fluid , Exons , Genetic CounselingABSTRACT
To examine the prevalence of cryoglobulinaemia in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and its relation to extrahepatic neuro-cutaneous manifestations. Forty patients [26 males and 14 females], with clinical, laboratory and histologically established chronic hepatitis C infection, with a mean age of 37.5 years, were submitted to clinical examination, dermatological and neurological evaluation. Neuroimaging as well as neurophysiological evaluation, laboratory assessment including liver function tests, serum cryoprecipitate immunoelectrophoresis, and revision of histopathlogical findings were performed. A high prevalence of cryglobulenemia: 62.5% in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection, the presenting symptoms were fatigue [67.5%], arthralgia [32.5%], paresthesia [30%] and pruritus [25%]; however, there were no statistically significant difference between cryo + ve versus cryo - ve patients except for pruritis, and face pigmentation. Skin manifestations including face pigmentation [42.5%], leukocytoclastic vasculitis [22.5%], porphyria cutanea tarda [20%], lichen planus [17.5%], acral necrolytic erythema [15%] and vitiligo [15%]. Neurological manifestations; symptomatic neuropathy in 10%, neuropathic changes in 30% and electroencephalographic changes in 22.5%. These cutaneous and neurological manifestations were significantly associated with the presence of cryoglobulinaemia. Our findings support an association between cryoglobuliaemia and extrahepatic neurocutaneous manifestations of hepatitis C infection. The presence of all these manifestations in the appropriate clinical setting should suggest the presence of hepatitis C infection
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cryoglobulinemia/epidemiology , Cryoglobulinemia/etiology , Skin , Nervous SystemABSTRACT
To ascertain whether white blood cell [WBC] count with differential analysis may predict severity of disease in acute appendicitis. We conducted this retrospective study on appendectomy patients from 1996 to 2001, at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We reviewed patient's age, gender, duration of symptoms, temperature on admission, WBC count including differential and the histological diagnosis of the appendicular specimen. We further analyzed the data of those patients found to have acute, gangrenous and perforated appendicitis to determine the correlation between a high WBC count and a more advanced form of appendicitis. Out of an aggregate of 232 patients, 162 were males and 70 females with a mean age of 23.7 years [range, 12-70 years]. Mean duration of symptoms was 1.9 +/- 1.1 days, mean temperature 37.8 +/- 1.4 degree celcius, with reported elevated WBC count in 167 [71.9%] and normal in 65 [28.1%] cases. Mean WBC counts in acute were 14.5 +/- 7.3 x 109/L, gangrenous 17.1 +/- 3.9 x 109/L and perforated appendicitis 17.9 +/- 2.1 x 109/L. This reflected a persistently higher WBC count in the complex [gangrenous, perforated] appendicitis compared with acute appendicitis [p less than 0.05]. The differential analysis showed neutrophilia in 123 [53%] and lymphopenia in 112 [48%] cases and out of these, 116 [94%] with neutrophilia and 107 [95%] with lymphopenia were reported to have appendicitis. A high WBC with differential count is a reliable indicator of the severity of appendicitis and signifies a more advanced stage
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Appendicitis/pathology , Appendicitis/blood , Leukocyte Count , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Acute DiseaseABSTRACT
Malignant duodenocolic fistulas are the most rare and evolutive complication of colonic cancer due to their rapid nutritional disturbances and difficult surgical management. This case report details a 23-year-old female who presented with diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss, anemia and abdominal pain. A series of examinations showed a transverse colon carcinoma with a malignant duodenocolic fistula and direct infiltration of the right lobe of the liver. The patient underwent extended right hemicolectomy with wide local excision of the duodenum and segmental hepatic resection. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. The analysis of other similar cases from the literature treated with this procedure or less frequently, with right hemicolectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy, allows us to discuss the indications and results of radical surgery. Whenever feasible, resection offers the best treatment as lesser techniques such as bypass and exclusion result only in minimal palliation. The benefit of exploration should almost always be offered, even in such secondary fistulas, as a better quality of life and long term survival are realistic goals and prognostically justifiable
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Colectomy , Postoperative Complications , Prognosis , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Duodenal Diseases , Intestinal FistulaABSTRACT
To report the incidence of cholesterolosis in the surgically removed gallbladders, its association with serum cholesterol level and to review the role of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment. This retrospective study included all patients who had consecutive cholecystectomies for various gallbladder disorders, performed by 2 consultants during a 5-year period from January 1997 through to December 2002, in the College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The clinical records of those found to have cholesterolosis on histopathological examination were reviewed, and the data were analyzed for their age, sex, fasting serum cholesterol level and the final outcome of cholecystectomy. The study group was comprised of 549 patients and out of which, 74 [13.4%] had cholesterolosis of the gallbladder. There were 59 [79.9%] female and 15 [20.1%] male patients. Age ranged from 18-64-years with a mean of 35.7-years. Sixty-three [85.1%] cases were reported to have abnormally high fasting serum cholesterol levels [>=5.5 mmol/L], whereas 11 [14.9%] had normal serum cholesterol level. Cholesterolosis with coexistent gallstones was documented in 47 [63.3%] patients while 27 [36.5%] subjects showed acalculous cholesterolosis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 71 [95.9%] individuals, whereas 3 patients ended up with open cholecystectomy [conversion rate of 4.2%]. There were no postoperative complications. Cholesterolosis of the gallbladder is a distinct pathologic entity and carries a positive correlation with high serum cholesterol level. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is effective, safe and a feasible treatment modality for cholesterolosis
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cholesterol/blood , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic , Gallbladder Diseases/epidemiology , Incidence , Cholelithiasis , Hypercholesterolemia , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
We herein report a case of a 45-year-old Saudi lady not diabetic nor hypertensive who presented to the emergency room with a one day history of severe central and lower abdominal pain. On examination, she was hemodynamically stable and abdominal examination showed tenderness in the lower abdomen. Her hematological and biochemical investigations were normal. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed an 8 x 7 cm retroperitoneal mass located at the aortic bifurcation. The patient had exploratory laparotomy and complete excision of the mass. The histopathological study showed a paraganglioma. The patient had an uneventful postoperative period and follow up
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal/diagnosis , Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal/surgery , Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/pathology , Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
The exact aetiology of acute appendicitis remains uncertain but an infective origin has been proposed. It was postulated that helicobacter pylori infection could cause mucosa associated lymphoid tissue hypertrophy in the appendix to the extent that under certain conditions luminal obstruction and acute appendicitis might occur. This study was done to confirm whether helicobacter pylori forms part of the microenvironment of the appendix and whether it play a role in the pathogenesis of acute appendicitis. This study was performed on 62 patients with acute appendicitis ranging in age from 8 to 42 years. There were 39 females and 23 males. All patients subjected to open appendicectomy, fresh specimens from the appendix was taken and cultured on blood agar and subjected to urease test. Other specimens was subjected to histopathological examination. Pathological grading of the appendicitis was performed according to the depth of inflammatory infiltrate. 10 ml of blood was drawn from all patients for serological assessment of helicobacter pylori. Fifty patients had a pathological appendix [80.6%] with different grades of inflammation. The appendix was histologically normal in 12 patients [19.3%]. Forty-two cases [67.7%] were sero negative in whom the appendix was inflamed in 33 cases [78.6%]. Twenty cases [32.3%] were seropositive in whom the appendix was inflamed in 1 7 cases [85%]. Multiple organisms were grown on all plates and 7 biopsies were positive for urease activity. There was no evidence of helicobacter pylori in any sample on histological examination. We have concluded that helicobater pylori does not colonize the appendix and is unlikely to be a pathogenic stimulus for appendicitis. However, downstream effect of gastroduodenal infestation might induce immunological effect
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Helicobacter Infections/microbiology , Helicobacter pylori , Appendectomy , Serologic TestsABSTRACT
Many of anti-HCV antibody-positive patients who are seronegative for HCV RNA were found positive by RT-PCR within the liver biopsy. In situ PCR, while sensitive, is technically difficult and expensive. So, there is a need for a simple, specific and reproducible method to identify HCV target antigens in liver biopsy specimens, which will help in more accurate diagnosis. Immunohistochemical staining has been applied successfully to detect HCV antigen in fresh frozen tissue. In paraffin-embedded tissues, however, minimal trials with conflicting results have been reported. The present study is a trial to evaluate the identification of HCV antigen in paraffin embedded liver biopsies using the anti HCV monoclonal antibody TORDJI-22 and to correlate the results with clinical and histopathological severity in chronic hepatitis C patients. Methods: We applied immunohistochemicl staining for HCV in 66 paraffin-embedded liver biopsy specimens. 46 from patients seropositive for HCV -RNA and twenty control liver biopsy specimens [5 HBV patients and negative for HCV, 5 metabolic liver diseases, 5 auto-immune chronic hepatitis and 5 extrahepatic biliary atresia]. The TORDJI-22 monoclonal antibody was applied in dilution 1:40, with overnight incubation. HBsAg and HBcAg immunohistochemistry were applied routinely. Results: Reproducible staining patterns of HCV antigen in tissues were identified among the majority [.42/46 - 91%] of HCV RNA seropositive cases. The staining pattern was cytoplasmic of hepatocytes, with occasional nuclear hue. It is mainly coarse granular with microvesicular pattern. Three staining patterns were identified: A diffuse or membranous, B; patchy, and C;occasional paranuclear.Non of the control samples showed a similar staining pattern. Conclusion: Immunohistochemical identification of HCV antigen is easy to apply in paraffin embedded liver biopsy specimens when the optimal detection techniques were applied. HCV target proteins in liver tissues could be markers of progressive damage. Also, accumulation of these proteins may be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatocyte injury in chronic hepatitis C